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PHP type comparison tables

Appendix P. PHP type comparison tables

The following tables demonstrate behaviors of PHP types and comparison operators, for both loose and strict comparisons. This supplemental is also related to the manual section on type juggling. Inspiration was provided by various user comments and by the work over at BlueShoes.

Before utilizing these tables, it's important to understand types and their meanings. For example, "42" is a string while 42 is an integer. FALSE is a boolean while "false" is a string.

Note: HTML Forms do not pass integers, floats, or booleans; they pass strings. To find out if a string is numeric, you may use is_numeric().

Note: Simply doing if ($x) while $x is undefined will generate an error of level E_NOTICE. Instead, consider using empty() or isset() and/or initialize your variables.

Table P-1. Comparisons of $x with PHP functions

Expressiongettype()empty()is_null()isset()boolean : if($x)
$x = "";stringTRUEFALSETRUEFALSE
$x = NULLNULLTRUETRUEFALSEFALSE
var $x;NULLTRUETRUEFALSEFALSE
$x is undefinedNULLTRUETRUEFALSEFALSE
$x = array();arrayTRUEFALSETRUEFALSE
$x = false;booleanTRUEFALSETRUEFALSE
$x = true;booleanFALSEFALSETRUETRUE
$x = 1;integerFALSEFALSETRUETRUE
$x = 42;integerFALSEFALSETRUETRUE
$x = 0;integerTRUEFALSETRUEFALSE
$x = -1;integerFALSEFALSETRUETRUE
$x = "1";stringFALSEFALSETRUETRUE
$x = "0";stringTRUEFALSETRUEFALSE
$x = "-1";stringFALSEFALSETRUETRUE
$x = "php";stringFALSEFALSETRUETRUE
$x = "true";stringFALSEFALSETRUETRUE
$x = "false";stringFALSEFALSETRUETRUE

Table P-2. Loose comparisons with ==

 TRUEFALSE10-1"1""0""-1"NULLarray()"php"""
TRUETRUEFALSETRUEFALSETRUETRUEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSE
FALSEFALSETRUEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSETRUETRUEFALSETRUE
1TRUEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSE
0FALSETRUEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSETRUEFALSETRUETRUE
-1TRUEFALSEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSE
"1"TRUEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSE
"0"FALSETRUEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSE
"-1"TRUEFALSEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSE
NULLFALSETRUEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSETRUETRUEFALSETRUE
array()FALSETRUEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSETRUETRUEFALSEFALSE
"php"TRUEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSE
""FALSETRUEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSETRUE

Table P-3. Strict comparisons with ===

 TRUEFALSE10-1"1""0""-1"NULLarray()"php"""
TRUETRUEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSE
FALSEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSE
1FALSEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSE
0FALSEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSE
-1FALSEFALSEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSE
"1"FALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSE
"0"FALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSE
"-1"FALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSE
NULLFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSEFALSE
array()FALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSEFALSE
"php"FALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSETRUEFALSE
""FALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSEFALSETRUE

PHP 3.0 note: The string value "0" was considered non-empty in PHP 3, this behavior changed in PHP 4 where it's now seen as empty.